AIR/GAS DRILLING

The extreme under-balanced that results when drilling with air or gas allows large disc-shaped cuttings to break from the formation with the impact of the bit tooth. These cuttings are degraded to dust as the turbulent airlifts them to the surface. Solids control while air drilling (including natural gas and nitrogen) consists of controlling atmospheric pollution, collecting samples, and disposing of cuttings and liquids. Normally there is no recovery or reuse of the air or gas except for a few occasions in natural-gas drilling when the gas is recycled to the gas plant. An elaborate separator/cleaning/recompressing system is required to recycle the gas. It is usually more economical to flare the gas than to recover and clean it (see Figure 1.)

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Cuttings Dryers

Cuttings dryers are sometimes referred to as secondary drying of cuttings.Cuttings dryer is the most widely used technology for safely handling drilling waste. Drilled cuttings with associated fluid from the rig solids-control equipment have been passed over a second drying shaker for a number of years. The recovery of oil-based drilling fluid coupled with a 10 – 25% reduction in disposal volume is usually easily justified and has become standard procedure in areas where so-called pitless drilling or closed loop systems are the norm. Generally, the secondary drying shaker is a four-panel screening device running at 7.0 – 7.3 G’s at the screen surface. Drilled cuttings from a drying shaker typically test between 8 and 12% base oil (NAF) by wet weight. This retention-oncuttings (ROC) figure is significantly higher than the current minimum allowed for offshore discharge in the United States and, increasingly, elsewhere around the world. Accordingly, there has been increased interest in lowering the ROC figure by the use of different types of drying equipment.

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Vacuums

Vacuum transfer systems provide an alternative to augers. The initial applications were on jackups, primarily in the Gulf of Mexico, where the cramped areas required multiple conveyors to get around the legs and other obstacles. It was also easy to close the discharge chute, making a sump to collect the cuttings that is suitable for the vacuum nozzle.

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